Skin disorders and diseases can vary in symptoms and severity. Some may be temporary and painless, while others are permanent, painful and may indicate a more serious problem.
It’s always best for individuals with a question to contact a doctor for further evaluation. Unfortunately, there isn’t a short answer as to how one develops a skin disorder. According to board-certified dermatologist Anna H. Chacon, there are several factors that can lead to skin disease or a disorder.
“Skin disorders and disease can result from immune system issues, allergies, allergens, genetics, specific illnesses and genetic composition,” Chacon says. “The place we live in, our general health, and the lifestyle decisions we make all have an impact on the extrinsic elements that affect skin health.”
Nutritionist Melissa Baker has spent years studying the relationship between diet and skin health. She agrees with Chacon’s assessment that genetics, lifestyle and the environment all play a role and adds that eczema and psoriasis — two common skin disorders — can be triggered by stress, exposure to irritants and genetics.
Dr. Enrizza P. Factor notes something as simple as dust in the air can lead to a skin disorder.
“Dust can clog pores and increase bacteria on the face, which can lead to acne and spots,” she says. “Chemical pollutants are also a real risk as they interfere with the skin’s natural protection system. These pollutants break down the skin’s oils, leaving the skin dry and subject to aging.”
Treatment for skin disorders and diseases varies greatly depending on the severity, according to Dr. Alberto de la Fuente Garcia, a dermatologist at VIDA Wellness and Beauty. Milder conditions can be treated with topical treatments such as moisturizers, creams or ointments. In more severe cases, surgical procedures may be necessary, he says.
“If a person has a medical condition that is contributing to their skin disorder, then it is essential to treat the underlying condition in order to achieve better results,” Garcia says. “In addition, eating a balanced diet, avoiding excessive UV exposure and quitting smoking can all help to reduce skin irritation or damage.”
Garcia says the best way to prevent skin disorders and disease is to “practice healthy lifestyle habits.”
“This includes using sunscreen when exposed to the sun, eating a nutritious diet that contains plenty of vitamins and minerals, avoiding smoking and alcohol, and keeping the skin clean,” he says. “You should also be aware of family history, as certain skin disorders can be inherited. If there is a family history of skin conditions, it is best to speak with a doctor about any preventive measures that can be taken.”
Along with using sunscreen, wearing a hat while outdoors and attempting to avoid direct sunlight during the peak hours of 10 a.m. to 4 p.m. are also good ideas, according to dermatologist Dr. Hari Kiran.
“The most important step [to avoiding skin disorders] is protecting your skin from sun exposure, but it’s also important to eat a healthy diet rich in vitamins, minerals and fatty acids and drink enough water each day to keep the skin hydrated and prevent dryness or oiliness. Steering clear of smoking, alcohol consumption and polluted environments can all help reduce the risk of developing skin issues.”
While many skin disorders pose little threat, Baker says it is important to have moles and other skin growths checked by a dermatologist if they change in size, shape, color, itch, bleed or have an irregular border.
“A doctor can determine if a growth is cancerous and provide appropriate treatment,” Baker says. “It’s also recommended to have a dermatologist perform regular skin checks to catch any potential skin cancers early.”
Dr. Factor concurs with Baker about getting moles and growths checked and says it is particularly important to pay attention to areas that are tender or spots in which pain goes away and then returns.
“Anyone can get skin cancer regardless of their skin color,” Factor says. If you notice any new spots on your skin, spots that are different from others or spots that are changing, itching or bleeding, make an appointment to have them looked at.”
Garcia says it is important “not to wait” until changes to the skin become more noticeable or uncomfortable before seeking medical help.
“Early detection is key in successfully treating skin cancer,” she says. “I recommend performing regular self-exams so you are aware of any changes that could indicate a potential issue.”
